Background: Worldwide, hypertension affects approximately 25% of the adult population and diabetes about 8.5%.\nLack of adherence to prescribed treatment regimen remains a problem among patients undergoing long-term\ntreatment, showing high non-adherence rates, at estimated range of between 36 and 93%. In our city, patients\nwith hypertension and diabetes in primary care are looked after mainly by doctors with little nursing support; also,\nthere is no published dataset among Colombian populations on the effect of nursing intervention to increase\nadherence to therapeutic regimen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of nursing intervention\nâ??Teaching: Individualâ? compared with usual care, to increase adherence to therapeutic regimen in people with\nhypertension and/or type-2 diabetes, and to analyze the impact to glycosylated hemoglobin and systolic blood\npressure levels.\nMethods: A two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, with participants allocated to either intervention\ngroup with â??Teaching: Individualâ? provided by two nurses, or control group receiving routine care only. Two Hundred\npatients attending cardiovascular risk programs of Bucaramanga, Colombia were included. Nursing intervention\nconsisted of six educational sessions about Coping Enhancement; Behavior Modification; Teaching: Disease Process,\nPrescribed Medication, Prescribed Diet and Prescribed Exercise. The outcomes were Treatment Behavior: Illness or\nInjury (adherence to treatment), levels of both glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and systolic blood pressure for 24 h,\nto be measured at baseline and two follow-up time points. Basic characteristics of the groups were compared through\nchi-square/Fisherâ??s exact or Students-T/Mann-Whitney U test. Outcomes were evaluated with repeated data methods\nand investigated changes in the outcomes over time and to compare these changes among treatment groups, and\nstatistical significance with p-value < 0.05 were considered.\nDiscussion: The nursing intervention â??Teaching: Individualâ? to increase adherence to therapeutic regimen in people\nwith hypertension and/or type-2 diabetes represents an innovative care approach intended for low-income population.\nThe study will advise district health system policy makers and managers as to the efficacy of implementing this\nintervention. Should this intervention turn out efficacious, it can potentially achieve wide application in cardiovascular\nrisk programs.
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